View a Consolacion certificate of authenticity 906-779-3794. Gold Double louis d'or a la tte nue - 1786 K Bordeaux, Louis XVI - Ecu 6 Livres Franoise - 1793 A Paris - Countermark 40 Batzen - PCGS VG 10, Gold Aureus - Roma - NGC XF strike 5/5 - surface 1/5, Gold Double Excellente - Ferdinand and Isabel - Sevilla NGC AU 55. After 20 days of efforts, several objects confirmed the dating of the ship between 1649 and 1680. The Consolacion, a Spanish Armada del Sur (South Sea Shipwreck Coins and Coin Jewelry. Hazards were significant, ranging from Authentic Silver 1 Reales from Consolacion Shipwreck mounted in Sterling Silver. captain decided to ground the Consolacion on Santa Clara island, nicknamed 4.5 out of 5 stars (510) Measurements with 14k gold bezel Later, after the provenance had been properly researched, and utilizing better conservation methods, a Florida syndicate arranged to have ongoing finds from this wreck permanently encapsulated in hard-plastic holders by the authentication and grading firm ANACS, with the wreck provenance clearly stated inside the slab; more recent offerings have bypassed this encapsulation. $10.00. Diameter: 1.2-1.3 inches, Price: $695.00 The Shipwreck Consolacion 1681 - The Treasure of Isla de Muerto - Cannon Beach Treasure Company Christmas Shopping? The Consolacion, a Spanish Armada del Sur (South Sea operations has resulted in the recovery of the remaining material, mostly The shipwreck and buried treasure coins and artifacts you find on our site are genuine, and come with our 100% Lifetime Authenticity Guarantee, and the most extensive, multi-page, professionally researched and written full color documentation available anywhere. New treasures emerge from our Conservation Lab and Studio throughout the week! Certificates of Authenticity accompany all Consolacion Shipwreck the crew to prevent the plunder of treasure. 1715 Fleet Coins How did the Santa Maria de la Consolacion end up at the bottom of the ocean? Ironically, later, Spanish attempts also failed. Isla de Muerto (Island of the Dead), but struck a reef in the The shipwreck of the Santa Mara de la Consolacin was discovered by ROBCAR in 1997. For the specialist in 17th century piracy, the Englishman Sharp is not the man responsible for the sinking of the Consolacion. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. And so Consolacions treasure lay undisturbed, at the bottom of the sea, until modern day treasure salvors first began bringing Pieces of Eight to the surface in 1997.We are the gold standard in meticulously researched Certificates of Authenticity, and our multi-page Certificate details the story of the Treasure of Isla de Muerto and even teaches you how to read your treasure coin!Personal note from Robert: While I am partial to the coins I have recovered on the 1715 Fleet, Consolacion was carrying all sizes of the the stunning Pillars and Waves style Spanish pieces of eight. From the large, silver dollar sized 8 reales, to 4, 2 and 1 reales, most minted in Potosi, Upper Peru (present day Bolivia). 1909 United States Copper Indian Head Penny Cent - Nice Type Coin, 1875-j One (1) Mark From Germany Silver Coin, Nice, Scarce Mint Mark, 2011-2012 Canada Wolf, Grizzly, Cougar & Moose 4-1oz Canadian Silver In, Canada 1979 BU Silver Dollar "The Griffon, 200,000 NEW IRAQI DINAR 20 X 10,000 1/5 MILLION UNCIRCULATED - Limit 4 P, UKRAINE Presentation Banknote KULISH, Folder, UNC, 8 Reales Rays Cap Guanajuato Silver Coin 1895 Go RS Eigth Reals. issued by Atlantic Treasure Coins, Inc. Sign up to get the latest on new treasures, just released videos and all things treasure! Enjoy the journey below-decks here! Two years went by before he got the authorization from the Ecuadorian government to start rescue and expeditions. Weight: 10.1 grams West Bay Trading Company has over 45 years experience in dealing with collectibles and serving the public. operations has resulted in the recovery of the remaining material, mostly View 186 YEAR OLD SHIPWRECK COIN; CASED Coins / Currency Online Auctions at AuctionTime.com. It is believed that many more coins are yet to be recovered, as the manifest of the Consolacin stated the value of her registered cargo as 146,000 pesos in silver coins in addition to silver and gold ingots, plus an even higher sum in contraband, according to custom. This is a precious find, because the ships manifest, kept in the General Archives of the Indies in Seville, lists all the cargo it was carrying before it sank. Reijgersdaal, El Cazador, Maravillas, and other miscellaneous Copyright 2003-2022 New World Treasures, LLC. Copyright 2003-2022 New World Treasures, LLC. These cookies do not store any personal information. certificate of authenticity issued by New World Treasures, LLC. Diameter: .80-.90 inches, Price: $495.00 The Consolacion, a Spanish Armada del Sur (South Sea Armada) galleon, was lost in 1681 after striking a reef near Guayaquil Ecuador. BUY 1715 Fleet Coins Capitana Coins The vessel was evacuated and intentionally set on fire by In 1998, two brothers were walking on the beach of Santa Clara Island. Treasures style certificate. power over the colonies. Coins from the Spice Islands shipwreck are among the . However, the mystery remains. Back to Shipwreck Histories Weight: 12.6 grams 503.436.1626 | Palm Coast, Florida | email: Treasure@CannonBeachTreasure.com | Blogs | Videos | Contact Us USD Treasure Jewelry More Treasures Blog | Video | Guides The vessel was evacuated and intentionally set on fire by the crew to prevent the plunder of treasure; Consolacion coins are thus true pirate treasure coins. pirate attack to devastating storms known today as hurricanes. One of them slipped two unusual black flat stones into his pocket that he had just discovered on the sand. The Consolacion was one of them. At first, he identified the wreck as the Santa Cruzs which sank in 1680 in the same area. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. A delay in receiving silver coins from the mint in Potosi prevented the Santa Maria de la Consolacion from sailing with the rest of the armada from Callao, Chile. Ecuador. Rooswijk Coins The Atocha has the distinction of . These coins were recovered from the wreck site of the Santa Maria de la Consolacin located near Santa Clara Island in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Coins have always been the ideal medium for spreading an image to the greatest number of people, over a vast, The Gold Sovereign is an iconic coin of the United Kingdom; a symbol of English political power that has spanned over 500 years of history. certificate of authenticity, Atlantic Treasure Over the years we have purchased coins from some of the original salvors, and it has been fun swapping treasure stories, the guys explaining to me the different areas where the coins were recovered. When the passengers abandoned the foundering ship, the crew set fire to her in an attempt to keep the pirates from claiming the treasure. issued by Robcar, S.A. (5x7 inch). true pirate treasure coins. ITEM, nwtcompany@gmail.com Angered by the inability to seize the valuable cargo of the Consolacin, Sharpes men killed the Spaniards and tried in vain to recover the treasure through the efforts of local fishermen. Ancient Bronze Celtic Ring Money Necklaces, Pendants, Earrings & Bracelets, Pirate Chic - Our Exclusive Collection of Pierced Spanish Pieces of Eight, Ancient Roman Glass Jewlery - The Tiny Treasures of the Once Mighty Empire, SAVE 20% on a chain or leather cord when you purchase any treasure. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. the crew to prevent the plunder of treasure; Consolacion coins are thus issued by Robcar, S.A. (8.5x11 inch), nwtcompany@gmail.com 1856-S $3 Indian Princess Gold PCGS XF45 SS Central America Shipwreck $6,189.19. Give us a call at 503.436.1626 9am - 5pm Central Time or email us here: treasure@cannonbeachtreasure.com. Most of the coins offered were of low quality and poorly preserved but came with individually numbered photo-certificates. Phone: (800) 233-4820 Follow us on Social Media for Sales and Updates! the New World. surprisingly, a fair amount of the colonies wealth of gold and silver came Each coin comes with a certificate of authenticity with history of the wreck. Legend says that the pirates were so enraged they took their revenge on the crew before they could reach the safety of the island, and thus the island was nicknamed Dead Mans Island. What seems a more probable explanation is that from the sea, Santa Clara Island looks like a dead man lying on his back under a shroud - and navigators of the time called it El Muerto. In any event, Sharpe and his men tried in vain to recover the treasure, and failed to pocket a single piece of eight. Additional information is available in this. After completing the CAPTCHA below, you will immediately regain access to the site again. Modern day salvage Jol Ruth is a marine archaeologist, historian and specialist of Spanish coins. Santa Clara Island is located in the bay of Guayaquil, off the coast of Ecuador. Your credit card or PayPal account will be charged. Get In Touch. There are two types: the Longacre and the Saint-Gaudens 20 dollars. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. The Consolacion purportedly sank near Santa Clara Island while evading pirates in 1681. Treasures style certificate. View a Consolacion certificate of authenticity process. GENUINE Consolacin Isla de Muerta 1681 SHIPWRECK 8 REALE COB (NOT ATOCHA) . We add new blogs and videos weekly - join our email list below for quick notification! Armada) galleon, was lost in 1681 after striking a reef near Guayaquil SHIPWRECK COIN; OVER 186 YEARS OLD Coins Coins / Currency Online Auctions at EquipmentFacts.com. Is it genuinely from the Santa Maria de la Consolacion shipwreck? Why wasnt the treasure searched until the 90s? The discovery of the men is of particular interest to the Ecuadorian Roberto Aguire, who us the rich owner of a tuna fishery and a numismatist-to-be. A delay in receiving silver coins from the mint in Potosi Twitter; Facebook; Pinterest; Instagram The crew set fire to the ship before it sank so that the pirates could not steal the goods. Coins style certificate, New World Perhaps no other class of seafarers is quite so famous or infamous!But tying shipwreck coins to actual pirates is rare most treasure galleons sank due to hurricanes, poor navigation or lack of upkeep. Shortly after the wreck was discovered, marine archeologist Robert F. Marx discovered documents and a ships manifest in the archives of Spain which identified the wreck. You've disabled cookies in your web browser. All rights reserved. The shipwrek of Santa Maria De La Consolacion was discovered by ROBCAR in 1997. The Consolacin was reportedly torched by the crew after they ran aground near Santa Clara Island. Only about 25 percent of the Spanish silver minted into coin form then were the 4 reales and smaller denominations, making them extremely rare and highly prized today. On July 24, 1715, a fleet of eleven Spanish ships and one French ship departed Havana harbor bound for Cadiz, Spain under the command of Captain Juan Esteban de Ubila and don Antonio de Echeverez. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Please ask questions as I do not accept returns. He created the Robcar company to carry out the investigation of the treasure. island without success. CHECK OUT OUR BLOGThe Treasure Hunter's Gazette Online! World each year over the almost three centuries that Spain maintained its World back to Spain. Due to their size, the smaller denomination coins dont often survive the corrosive ravages of being buried at sea for centuries. They are now collected by numismatists fond of Spanish coins. When the lone ship met with the pirates, the captain decided to ground the Consolacion on Isla de Muerto, but because the vessel hit the reef, it was evacuated and intentionally set on fire to stop any stealing. Ongoing salvage efforts have good reason to be hopeful, as the manifest of the Consolacin stated the value of her registered cargo as 146,000 pesos in silver coins in addition to silver and gold ingots, plus an even higher sum in contraband, according to custom. View a Consolacion certificate of authenticity treasure coins. Items in the Price Guide are obtained exclusively from licensors and partners solely for our members research needs. To see all of our Consolation pirate shipwreck coins, click here>, Call Us - We're Here to Answer Questions! View a Consolacion At the Gulf of Guayaquil, off modern-day Ecuador, the Consolacin encountered English pirates, led by Bartholomew Sharpe, who forced the Spanish galleon to sink on a reef off Santa Clara Island (later nicknamed Isla de Muerto, or Dead Mans Island). All rights reserved. For more than 300 years, thousands of silver coins remained at the bottom of the sea. All of our coins are guaranteed to be authentic, we do not deal in replicas of any kind. In the 17th century, the kingdoms of Portugal and Spain shared the colonies. The pirate ship Whydah, sank in 1717 and discovered by Barry Clifford in 1984, is the only documented pirate ship to ever be discovered. Armada) galleon, was lost in 1681 after striking a reef near Guayaquil Atocha Coins popularity, we maintain an additional website at captain decided to ground the Consolacion on Santa Clara island, nicknamed certificate of authenticity, Atlantic Treasure Ending Today at 6:37PM PST 2h 4m. 906-779-3794. El Cazador Shipwreck 1783 2 Reale "Piece of 8" 14K Gold & Silver Treasure Coin Pendant | Artifact #7931 $ 950.00 USD. All Rights Reserved. Then, new clues put him on the track: maps with annotations and a carbon-14 analysis of burned wood found in the water. The Consolacion purportedly sank near Santa Clara Island while evading pirates in 1681. El Cazador Coins There is no further doubt that the ship aground on Santa Clara Island is none but the Santa Maria de la Consolacion. offering: Gold cobs, Shipwreck coins, Milled gold coins, Shipwreck ingots, Potosi cobs, Lima cobs, Mexico cobs, Silver milled coins, Historic coins and artifacts, You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Heart Shaped 1768 Spanish 1 Reale Pirate Era "Piece of Eight" Sterling Silver Pendant with Heart Shaped Pink . A third-party browser plugin, such as Ghostery or NoScript, is preventing JavaScript from running. Consolacion Articles, Great Discoveries: Metal Detectorist Finds 14th-Century Coin, 300-Year-Old Hairpin Beneath Farmland, The Market for Queen Elizabeth Collectibles Soars, Money as Marketing Material: Vintage Bank Note Ads. Basil Ringrose, a buccaneer on the Trinity, wrote in 1684 in his adventure story Bucaniers of America the words of Francisco, a captured pilot: a certain ship that came from Lima bound for Guayaquil ran aground at Santa Clara, losing there in silver the value of 100,000 pieces of eight. recovered from the Atocha, Consolacion, 1715 fleet, Vliegenthart, Princess Louisa, ITEM, Measurements with 14k gold bezel prevented the Santa Maria de la Consolacion from sailing with the rest of Cuzco Collection $199.00 5 in stock 14K Gold Scimitar Sword Spanish Galleon Shipwreck Re-creation Earrings $850.00 Sterling Silver Spanish Galleon Teardrop Cross Shipwreck Re-creation $249.00 Sterling Silver Spanish Galleon Cross Shipwreck Re-creation $299.00 Sterling Silver Cuzco Ring $195.00 3 in stock It is called Isla del Muerto in Spanish, because it is similar to the body of a dead man covered with a shroud. You've disabled cookies in your web browser. The Consolacion, a Spanish Armada del Sur (South Sea Armada) galleon, was lost in 1681 after striking a reef near Guayaquil Ecuador. The Consolacion purportedly sank near Santa Clara Island while evading pirates in 1681. Online Store Selling Authentic Shipwreck Treasure Coins and Artifacts. View a Consolacion certificate of authenticity Consolacion Coins certificate of authenticity issued by New World Treasures, LLC. As you were browsing something about your browser made us think you were a bot. Shipwreck Coins. For sale at auction is this authentic 8reale coin or 'pirate piece of eight' or 'cob' recovered from the Consolacin, "Isla de Muerto or (island of the dead) shipwreck" complete with certificate of au.from 3482186 . Other Wreck Coins, Coin Jewelry The company has had the official Ecuadorian salvage lease for the wreck site continuously, since that time. Not There are a few reasons this might happen: To regain access, please make sure that cookies and JavaScript are enabled before reloading the page. The shipwreck and treasure of the Consolacion 01 June 2021 Only in the 90s did we find traces of the treasure of the Santa Maria de la Consolacion, a Spanish ship which was wrecked off the coast of Ecuador in the 17th century. bezel Unknown Shipwreck Coins Venetian Colonial Coinage Vliegenthart Coins Throughout modern history man has looked for and discovered sunken and buried treasure. She was carrying 146,000 pesos in minted silver coins along with 800 silver bars, and gold ingots valued at 34,000 pesos. from a highly significant time period - the discovery and colonization of SOSantiques $ 989.00. . Shipwreck Coins In a panic, the commander of the Consolacion struck the island of Santa Clara. treasure coins. This 1660 Spanish shipwreck known now as the "Jupiter Wreck", was located off the east coast of Jupiter, Florida in July of 1987. Certificates of Page 1 of 1. Sold Out. View a Consolacion certificate of authenticity All of our coins are guaranteed to be authentic, we do 1654 Consolacion Shipwreck Pirate 2 Reale Cob 14K Gold and Sterling Silver Pendant | Artifact #9216 $ 970.00 USD RARE DATED Mel Fisher's Atocha 8 Reale Shipwreck Coin 14K Gold Pendant | Artifact #9222 $ 7,270.00 USD Mel Fisher's Atocha 8 Reale Shipwreck Coin 14K Gold Pendant | Artifact #9221 $ 6,870.00 USD Isla de Muerto (Island of the Dead) was often a routine stopover for the Armada del Mar del Sur, the Galleons carrying treasure from Spain to Chile and Peru to Panama. When the lone ship met pirates, the captain . Weight: 6.0 grams Even though we were thousands of miles apart, conversations would often start with the unmistakable sound of a beer pull tab, or the tinkle of rum being poured over some ice. NEW ARRIVAL 1715 Fleet gold 2 Escudos, Mounted in 18K Gold with diamonds. Douro Gold Coins You've disabled JavaScript in your web browser. 1853 $20 Liberty Gold Double Eagle PCGS AU58 CAC SS Central America Shipwreck $7,288.51. atochatreasurecoins.com dedicated only to Atocha material. This site uses cookies to improve your browsing experience. This coin has been sculpted by the sea after centuries on the ocean floor, and weighs 18.33 grams. See auction date, current bid, equipment specs, and seller information for each lot. 906-779-3794. Many of the small denomination coins in our collection came from the remains of treasure chests, and were found in clump form in deeper water, under deeper sand that helped to protect them. to rest on the ocean floor, giving us the opportunity to own an artifact Other Wreck Coins, nwtcompany@gmail.com Shipwreck Consolacion Pirate Treasure Coin Piece of Eight Authentic 8R set sterling silver/14K gold Ad vertisement by SOSantiques. 1702 (1702-10) Mexico Philip V Gold Escudos Cob NGC MS63 1715 Fleet Shipwreck $10,882.74. Ships carried silver and gold from the mines in Bolivia to Panama, before being sent to Europe. In 2019, Benerson Little, an American writer and historian, sets the record straight. Intended to be part of the Spanish South Seas Fleet of 1681, which left Limas port of Callao in April, the Consolacin apparently was delayed and ended up traveling alone. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. He was then massacred by the buccaneers. Authenticity accompany all shipwreck treasure coins and shipwreck coin Consolacion A delay in receiving silver coins from the mint in Potosi prevented the Santa Maria de la Consolacion from sailing with the rest of the armada from Callao, Chile. 35 watching. FOR PENDANT SIZE SEE COIN DETAILS BELOW But tying shipwreck coins to actual pirates is rare - most treasure galleons sank due to hurricanes, poor navigation or lack of upkeep. Armada) galleon, was lost in 1681 after striking a reef near Guayaquil 1600's Spanish Pirate Shipwreck Cob Coin, Colonial Era - Genuine. We only send an email every two to three weeks - so no SPAM! Models include . When the lone ship . treasure coins. 503.436.1626 | Palm Coast, Florida | email: Treasure@CannonBeachTreasure.com | Blogs | Videos |Contact Us. While the divers brought up thousands of pieces, Roberto Aguire hired Joel Ruth to identify the galleon. captain decided to ground the Consolacion on Santa Clara island, nicknamed Coins & Currency On board these vessels were four years of accumulated treasure that was desperately needed by the Spanish treasury. Treasures style certificate. All rights reserved. Consolacion After completing the CAPTCHA below, you will immediately regain access to the site again. Sold Out. Russia USSR 1921 50 Kopeek UNC High Grade !!! She was carrying 146,000 pesos in minted silver coins along with 800 silver bars, and gold ingots valued at 34,000 pesos. Certificates of Authenticity accompany all Consolacion Shipwreck You've disabled JavaScript in your web browser. But the Treasure of Isla de Muerto (The Treasure of Dead Mans Island) is an interesting exception for her cache of glittering treasure went to the bottom because of yes, you guessed it PIRATES!For unknown reasons, perhaps because her mint shipment was late, Consolacion began her solitary voyage up the West Coast of South America where she was to land at present-day Panama. Coin from unidentified Dutch Shipwreck off Sumatra . Consolacin (Isla de Muerto shipwreck), sunk in 1681 off Santa Clara Island, Ecuador (PIRATED WRECK) When salvage first began on this wreck in 1997, it was initially believed to be the Santa Cruz and later called El Salvador y San Jos, sunk in August of 1680; but research by Robert Marx after the main find in subsequent years confirmed its proper name and illuminated its fascinating history. View a Consolacion Use coupon code: CHAIN. A delay in receiving silver coins from the mint in Potosi prevented the Santa Maria de la Consolacion from sailing with the rest of the armada from Callao, Chile. Authentic Silver 1 Reales from Consolacion Shipwreck mounted in 14k gold mount $830.00 1 in stock NEW ARRIVAL Authentic Silver 8 Reales from Consolacion Shipwreck mounted in 14k gold mount $1,300.00 Sold Out Authentic Silver 1 Reales from Consolacion Shipwreck mounted in 14k gold mount $830.00 Sold Out NEW ARRIVAL!! Copyright 2003-2022 New World Treasures, LLC. Consolacion Coins How did they get there? not deal in replicas of any kind. Diameter: 1.3-1.4 inches, Price: $795.00 Soon after, they realize that they are indeed coins of eight from a sea treasure. When the lone ship met pirates, the History is NOT boring and we can prove it! issued by Robcar, S.A. (5x7 inch). BUY NEW ARRIVAL RARE Authentic Atocha Grade 1, 2 Reale in 14k white gold mount with white diamonds. Isla de Muerto (Island of the Dead), but struck a reef in the This greatly angered the pirates since they were unable to recover any of their treasure, and the story goes that they beheaded the crew as punishment. We also sell on eBay as shipwreckcoins1, see our feedback ratings and let us know if you have any questions. Atocha Coins Spanish colonial pillars and waves type cobs from the famous Potosi mint. There is no doubt that the two ships never crossed. The Consolacin was reportedly torched by the crew after they ran aground near Santa Clara Island. When vast amounts of silver coins were found in the area starting in the 1990s, eventually under agreement between local entrepreneurs Roberto Aguirre and Carlos Saavedra and the government of Ecuador in 1997, the exact name and history of the wreck were unknown, and about 8,000 of the coins (all Potos silver cobs) were subsequently sold at auction by Spink New York in December, 2001, as simply Treasures from the Isla de Muerto. Sold Out. process. View a Consolacion certificate of authenticity Russia USSR 1924 () 50 Kopeek Hihg Grade UNC !!! An unamed shipwreck, perhaps a pirate or merchant ship, was discovered and contained several chests of 8 Reales treasure coins, minted in Mexico City during the late 1500's to the early 1600's. Similar coins have also been found on the Atocha shipwreck, which sank just a few years earlier. issued by Robcar, S.A. (small 3x4 inch plastic sleeved). DailyBargainStore. A delay in getting its silver coins from the mint in Potosi prevented the Santa Maria de la Consolacion from sailing with the rest of the armada from Callao, Chile. Santa Maria de la Consolacion sank in 1681. View a Consolacion certificate of authenticity Legend has it that on its way, it came across the Trinity, the ship of the pirate Bartholomew Sharp. wreck and its treasure to world renowned fame. Additional information is available in this. the crew to prevent the plunder of treasure. Typically two treasure fleets sailed to the New Only in the 90s did we find traces of the treasure of the Santa Maria de la Consolacion, a Spanish ship which was wrecked off the coast of Ecuador in the 17th century. After stealing the ship Trinidad in Panama in the early 1680s and renaming it Trinity, the pirate sailed the South American seas with a literate crew. El Cazador Shipwreck Coin - Genuine 1/2 Reale Silver Coin C $0.99 1 bid 8d 18h The 1899 Pirate Coin Spanish Shipwreck Treasure Chest Era Old Spanish Silver C $13.55 1 bid C $10.85 shipping 3d 11h EL CAZADOR SHIPWRECK GENUINE SILVER SPANISH HALF REALE COIN, LOT#52 C $0.99 0 bids C $4.95 shipping 3d 22h the armada from Callao, Chile. Neither pirates nor returning Spaniards were able to recover all of the treasure. led by Mel Fisher and his company Treasure Salvors Inc., has elevated the Click below to begin your paid subscription. Page 1 of 1. The latter chased him.