a. psychodynamic b. cognitive-behavioral c. humanistic-existential d. biological. 90. You immediately focus all of your energy on the financial implications of your partners departure and ways to save money. A theorist who believes that someone who is labeled a hard worker will, in fact, become a hard worker is MOST likely a(n) _____ theorist. 43. Which statement is TRUE regarding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? To be considered distinct from other conditions, a mental illness must have its own set of symptoms. 62. What are the five psychosexual stages according to Freud? 133. She has developed depression due to a serotonin deficiency. d. existential. a. id b. superego c. self d. ego, 38. c. cognitive-behavioral Hormonal imbalances. c. rationalization. 74. Horowitz (2008) found that rates of SAD are just 1% for those living in Florida while 9% of Alaskans are diagnosed with the disorder. Often, proponents of a given model find themselves in disagreement with proponents of other models. In terms of the latter, cognitive behavior modification procedures arose after the 1960s and with the rise of cognitive psychology. 17. Behaviorally test your thought. This newer type of cognitive-behavioral therapy emphasizes recognizing problematic thoughts as thoughts rather than judging them, acting on them, or fruitlessly trying to change them. Social Sciences; Psychology; Psychology questions and answers; which statement about catergorical vs dimensions models of abnormal behavior is true?A categorial models capture the complexity of mental disorders btter than dimensional modelsB Dimensional models better reflect nature/ reality of disorders than categorial onesC Catergorial models capture the severitu of mental disorders while . Why is the psychodynamic model difficult to research? Check out the following from Harvard Health for more on depression and the brain as a cause: Other Books in the Discovering Psychology Series, Module 3: Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment, Module 5: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders, Module 8: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders, Module 9: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Module 11: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders, Module 12: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders, Module 15: Contemporary Issues in Psychopathology, Instructor Resources Instructions - READ FIRST, 2.1. When it comes to other mental disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, research has not found differences in the ratesat whichmen and women experience these illnesses. In explaining why women are diagnosed with anxiety disorders and depression twice as often as men, multicultural therapists would focus on: prejudice and discrimination faced by women. The final section is a The sociocultural model of abnormality focuses on all of these factors EXCEPT: Greshka spilled iced coffee on her shirt while sitting in the park. None of the models are complete within themselves. This therapy is BEST described as: a. relational psychoanalytic therapy. b. who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest. 50. 13. b. cognitive-behavioral d. the ways in which women express their femininity. Individuals who are in a long-term relationship. Children who watched the aggressive model behaved aggressively with the Bobo doll while those who saw the gentle model, played nice. Key features of the perspective include a belief in human perfectibility, personal fulfillment, valuing self-disclosure, placing feelings over intellect, an emphasis on the present, and hedonism. They also focus on life-enhancing experiences like relationships, love, caring, commitment, courage, creativity, power, will, presence, spirituality, individuation, self-actualization, authenticity, acceptance, transcendence, and awe. For more information, please visit: https://www.psychologytoday.com/therapy-types/existential-therapy. Models aid us with doing all of this. They add, Oftentimes someone being treated with CBT will have homework in between sessions where they practice replacing negative thoughts with more realistic thoughts based on prior experiences or record their negative thoughts in a journal. For more on CBT, visit: https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Psychotherapy. They include hunger, thirst, self-preservation, and sex. Influenza epidemics, caused by viral infections (for more on influenza, please see the following: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719), have also been linked to schizophrenia (Brown et al., 2004; McGrath and Castle, 1995; McGrath et al., 1994; Ocallaghan et al., 1991) though more recent research suggests this evidence is weak at best (Selten & Termorshuizen, 2017; Ebert & Kotler, 2005). a. Existential therapy is very new, and there hasnt yet been enough time to conduct thorough research. 16. The ego has a challenging job to fulfill, balancing both the will of the id and the superego, and the overwhelming anxiety and panic this creates. According to a 2018 report (Prochaska & Norcross), the dominant approach used by clinical psychologists is: a. existential. 77. Outline operant conditioning and the work of Thorndike and Skinner. A girl values her self-worth even when she fails at something. The force that is in control in this example is the: a. id. Thoughts, as well as overt behaviors, are acquired and modified by various forms of conditioning. 104. Clarify how specific areas of the brain are involved in mental illness. A patient sees a therapist to help her address her eating disorder. This is in accord with what Freud called: a. reflex. c. Sessions are primarily conducted in a virtual environment. Psychosurgery. The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to: a. cognition-focused therapists. In time, the cause of the persons psychopathology is due to all these individual factors. Third, he relied solely on the reports of his patients and sought no observer reports. With this knowledge, a plan is developed and consists of numerous strategies to act on one or all these elements antecedent, behavior, and/or consequence. a. psychodynamic b. multicultural c. cognitive d. humanistic. a. A) cognitive-behavioral B) sociocultural C) psychodynamic D) humanistic-existential B? Our focus will be on partial/intermittent reinforcement. 152. 30. 55. It is difficult to gain informed consent from individuals with mental illness. b. early childhood trauma. b. b. ethnographic studies. Maladaptive cognitions. 71. Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and drug use during pregnancy are risk factors for ADHD. Elevated levels of this hormone can lead to several problems, including increased weight gain, interference with learning and memory, reduced bone density, high cholesterol, and an increased risk of depression. A therapist who describes her client as someone who has yet to fulfill his or her full potential, rather than as someone with a disorder, is MOST likely what kind of theorist? b. 166. b. exposure therapy. Clarify how socioeconomic factors affect mental illness. Describe observational learning and modeling. Is there merit to this view? Infants tend to do things that feel good. b. change behaviors that are damaging to the relationship. Within the context of psychopathology, the behavioral perspective is useful because explains maladaptive behavior in terms of learning gone awry. Which is a goal of acceptance and commitment therapy? When Mathias did not get a job for which he applied, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. a. b. anxiety disorders. d. The receiving neurons stop all firing. What is learning? a. psychoanalysis. c. abnormality arises from an interaction between predisposition and stress. The critical thing to understand here is that there is a belief in the realm of mental health that chemical imbalances are responsible for many mental disorders. c. operant conditioning. Watson believed that the subject matter of psychology was to be observable behavior, and to that end, psychology should focus on the prediction and control of behavior. Freuds psychoanalysis was unique in the history of psychology because it did not arise within universities as most major schools of thought did; rather, it emerged from medicine and psychiatry to address psychopathology and examine the unconscious. 63. Show: All Cards 109 1 The earliest major psychological model of abnormal behavior was the cognitive model 2 Attempts to understand the biological basis of depression has linked it to imbalances in -norepinephrine and serotonin 3 Fannie goes to a humanist therapist. She had another shirt with her and wanted to change right then and there. Thats all right. The biopsychosocial model states that biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors are all equally significant ingredients in producing both normal and abnormal behavior.. Freud said this resistance revealed where issues persisted. 153. d. classical conditioning. All while doing this, we will identify areas of concern for psychologists focused on the treatment of mental disorders. Important here is that specific culture- and gender-related diagnostic issues are discussed for each disorder, demonstrating increased awareness of the impact of these factors. Freud believed that the three central forces that shape the personality were: a. instincts, the ego, and the self. d. The client is classically conditioned to associate drinking with the negative experience of vomiting. Skinner talked about contingencies or when one thing occurs due to another. When a young child yells and throws toys (i.e., throws a temper tantrum), the parents give the child a good deal of attention. She is constantly looking to friends and family members for help with these decisions and gets anxious when she has to decide alone. c. existential. During a therapy session, a client is told to pretend the therapist is her parent and to tell her parent why she is angry. 134. I'm here for you." What treatments are available to clinicians courtesy of the biological model of psychopathology? A reliance on medication for treatment and belief that psychological illness is much like physical illness. Antidepressants are used to treat depression, but also anxiety, insomnia, and pain. c. the id, ego, and superego. c. illogical thinking. b. exposure therapy. b. people are naturally inclined to live positively. c. operant conditioning. c. intellectualization. In this family, the children are also discouraged from asking for advice or seeking support. Reinforcement and punishment can occur as two types positive and negative. Rogers said that all people want to have positive regard from significant others in their life. A self-help group differs from group therapy in that the self-help group: a. focuses on less serious problems. For social skills training, identify the appropriate social behavior such as making eye contact, saying no to a request, or starting up a conversation with a stranger and determine whether the client is inhibited from making this behavior due to anxiety. A) illogical thinking patterns. c. Two-thirds of treated couples achieve marital satisfaction by the end of therapy. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord; the former we will discuss briefly and in terms of key structures which include: Of course, this is not an exhaustive list of structures found in the brain but gives you a pretty good idea of function and which structure is responsible for it. Outside of phobias, desensitization has been shown to be effective in the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder symptoms (Hakimian and Souza, 2016) and limitedly with the treatment of depression when co-morbid with OCD (Masoumeh and Lancy, 2016). Which of the following is an argument of critics of the evolutionary perspective? b. existential therapy. You might say neurotransmitters are part of a lock-and-key system. In 1895, the book, Studies on Hysteria, was published by Josef Breuer (1842-1925) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), and marked the birth of psychoanalysis, though Freud did not use this actual term until a year later. Little Albert made no response outside of curiosity (NSNR not shown). Why is the psychodynamic model difficult to research? It was fun for me to swim in a lake near my house as a child. Examples include abnormal blood levels, damaged cells, and abnormal gene expression. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of: A patient's initial reaction to being told she has a sexually transmitted infection (STI) is to insist that the nurse made a mistake with the test. Personality develops over five distinct stages in which the libido focuses on different parts of the body. But before these diagnostic categories a. cognitive-behavioral b. psychodynamic c. sociocultural d. humanistic-existential, 8. The content of dreams includes the persons actual retelling of the dreams, called manifest content, and the hidden or symbolic meaning called latent content. c. transference. b. focusing on the here and now. Humans are born with freedom, yet do not 'naturally' strive to reach their full growth potential.